{"id":4006,"date":"2023-05-30T13:22:41","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T11:22:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viborc.com\/?p=4006"},"modified":"2023-05-30T13:27:37","modified_gmt":"2023-05-30T11:27:37","slug":"zemlje-koje-najvise-zagaduju-oceane-i-mora-top-20-drzava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viborc.com\/hr\/zemlje-koje-najvise-zagaduju-oceane-i-mora-top-20-drzava\/","title":{"rendered":"Koje zemlje najvi\u0161e zaga\u0111uju oceane i mora: Top 20 zaga\u0111iva\u010da"},"content":{"rendered":"
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U posljednjih nekoliko godina, \u0161tetni u\u010dinci one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja plastikom na morski \u017eivot i oceane na\u0161eg planeta sve vi\u0161e privla\u010de pozornost diljem svijeta. Oceani su veliki, ali nisu nepobjedivi. Plasti\u010dni otpad predstavlja zna\u010dajne prijetnje vodenim \u017eivotinjama, ekosustavima i ljudskom zdravlju. Ovaj \u010danak donosi detaljan pregled top 20 zemalja koje najvi\u0161e zaga\u0111uju na\u0161e oceane.<\/p>\n

Revolucionarna studija objavljena u \u010dasopisu Science Advances<\/a> detaljno opisuje globalne razmjere ovog problema. Istra\u017eivanje sugerira da vi\u0161e od 1000 rijeka odgovara za nevjerojatnih 80% globalnih emisija plasti\u010dnog otpada u oceane. Godi\u0161nje, ove emisije variraju izme\u0111u 0,8 milijuna i 2,7 milijuna tona, a me\u0111u najve\u0107im zaga\u0111iva\u010dima su male urbane rijeke. Ova informacija je klju\u010dna za razvoj ciljanih strategija i tehnologija za smanjenje emisija plasti\u010dnog otpada u rijekama.<\/p>\n

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Razmjeri problema: Razumijevanje neodgovornog upravljanja plasti\u010dnim otpadom (MPW)<\/h2>\n

S brzom urbanizacijom i povezanim \u0161irenjem uporabe plastike, upravljanje plasti\u010dnim otpadom postalo je izazov globalnih razmjera. Kada sustavi upravljanja otpadom ne uspiju ostvariti svoje ciljeve iliuop\u0107e niti ne postoje, plasti\u010dni otpad postaje neodgovorno upravljan (MPW) i \u010desto zavr\u0161ava zaga\u0111uju\u0107i oceane. Ovaj problem posebno je evidentan u azijskim zemljama poput Filipina, Kine i Indonezije. Tamo brzi ekonomski rast, visoka gusto\u0107a stanovni\u0161tva i nerazvijeni sustavi upravljanja otpadom znatno pridonose plastici u zaga\u0111enju.<\/p>\n

Neodgovorno upravljanje plasti\u010dnim otpadom (MPW) odnosi se na plasti\u010dni otpad kojim se ne upravlja na ekolo\u0161ki prihvatljiv na\u010din. Ako se ovaj plasti\u010dni otpad nepravilno odbaci, na kraju \u0107e se na\u0107i u na\u0161im vodotocima, morima i oceanima.<\/p>\n

Kao takav, zna\u010dajno pridonosi plasti\u010dnom zaga\u0111enju svjetskih oceana. Problem je poja\u010dan lo\u0161im sustavima upravljanja otpadom u nekim zemljama. To dovodi do zna\u010dajnih koli\u010dina plasti\u010dnog otpada koji curi u okoli\u0161.<\/p>\n

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Top 20 zemalja koje pridonose plasti\u010dnom otpadu u oceanima<\/h2>\n

Navedena studija pru\u017ea sveobuhvatan popis zemalja s najve\u0107im emisijama plasti\u010dnog otpada u oceane. Tablica prikazana u studiji otkriva da su Filipini, Indija i Malezija tri najve\u0107a doprinositelja. Kina i Indonezija, zemlje koje su dugo bile povezane s plasti\u010dnim otpadom u oceanima, tako\u0111er se nalaze istaknuto visoko na popisu.<\/p>\n

Kao \u0161to studija spominje:<\/p>\n

“Primjerice, Malezija generira vi\u0161e od 10 puta manje MPW od Kine (0,8 milijuna tona godi\u0161nje u Maleziji naspram 12,8 milijuna tona godi\u0161nje u Kini); me\u0111utim, udio ukupnog plasti\u010dnog otpada koji dospijeva u ocean je 9,0% za Maleziju i samo 0,6% za Kinu. Zemlja koja najvi\u0161e pridonosi prema na\u0161em modelu su Filipini s 4820 rijeka koje emitiraju 356,371 tona godi\u0161nje (8,8% ukupno generiranog MPW-a na Zemlji), slijedi Indija s 126,513 tona godi\u0161nje (1,0% ukupno generiranog MPW-a kroz 1169 rijeka), Malezija s 73,098 tona godi\u0161nje kroz 1070 rijeka, i Kina s 70,707 tona godi\u0161nje kroz 1309 rijeka.<\/em>”<\/p>\n

Izvje\u0161taj tako\u0111er otkriva vrijedan uvid – nije samo ukupni plasti\u010dni otpad bitan, ve\u0107 i u\u010dinkovitost sustava upravljanja otpadom.<\/p>\n

Na primjer, Sjedinjene Ameri\u010dke Dr\u017eave, unato\u010d generiranju zna\u010dajnih koli\u010dina plasti\u010dnog otpada, ne nalaze se me\u0111u vode\u0107im zemljama koje pridonose plasti\u010dnom otpadu u oceanima. To je uglavnom zbog u\u010dinkovitih sustava upravljanja otpadom koji spre\u010davaju da ve\u0107ina njihovog plasti\u010dnog otpada u\u0111e u ocean. Za neke druge zemlje to bi mogla biti \u010dinjenica da neke od razvijenijih zemalja izvoze plasti\u010dni otpad u siroma\u0161nije zemlje.<\/p>\n

Popis 20 zemalja koje najvi\u0161e zaga\u0111uju na\u0161e oceane<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
ZEMLJA<\/th>\nGODI\u0160NJI PLASTI\u010cNI OTPAD KOJI ZAVR\u0160AVA U OCEANIMA
\n(tona)<\/th>\n		UKUPNI GODI\u0160NJI PLASTI\u010cNI OTPAD
\n(tona)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Svijet<\/td>\n1,000,000<\/td>\n68,000,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Filipini<\/td>\n360,000<\/td>\n4,000,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indija<\/td>\n130,000<\/td>\n13,000,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Malezija<\/td>\n73,000<\/td>\n810,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kina<\/td>\n71,000<\/td>\n12,000,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Indonezija<\/td>\n56,000<\/td>\n820,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mijanmar<\/td>\n40,000<\/td>\n990,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Brazil<\/td>\n38,000<\/td>\n3,300,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vijetnam<\/td>\n28,000<\/td>\n1,100,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Banglade\u0161<\/td>\n25,000<\/td>\n1,000,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tajland<\/td>\n23,000<\/td>\n1,400,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nigerija<\/td>\n19,000<\/td>\n1,900,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turska<\/td>\n14,000<\/td>\n1,700,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kamerun<\/td>\n11,000<\/td>\n580,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160ri Lanka<\/td>\n9,700<\/td>\n160,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gvatemala<\/td>\n7,100<\/td>\n310,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Haiti<\/td>\n6,900<\/td>\n240,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dominikanska R.<\/td>\n6,300<\/td>\n190,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Venezuela<\/td>\n6,000<\/td>\n670,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tanzanija<\/td>\n5,800<\/td>\n1,700,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al\u017eir<\/td>\n5,800<\/td>\n760,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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Ostatak svijeta dodaje 64,500 tona plastike koja zavr\u0161ava u na\u0161im oceanima.<\/p>\n

Grafikon prvih 15 zemalja koje one\u010di\u0161\u0107uju na\u0161e oceane<\/h3>\n

\"Pie-chart<\/a><\/p>\n

Anatomija problema: Uloga rijeka u one\u010di\u0161\u0107enju plastikom<\/h2>\n

Rijeke slu\u017ee kao glavni kanali za plastiku iz unutra\u0161njih podru\u010dja prema oceanima. Ove rijeke, \u010desto okru\u017eene visokom gusto\u0107om naseljenosti, industrijskim aktivnostima ili nedovoljnim sustavima upravljanja otpadom, mogu prenijeti ogromne koli\u010dine plasti\u010dnog otpada u ocean.<\/p>\n

Istra\u017eivanje sugerira da je broj rijeka koje pridonose plastici u oceanima ve\u0107i nego \u0161to se prethodno mislilo. Vi\u0161e od 1000 rijeka \u0161irom svijeta su zna\u010dajni doprinositelji, \u010dine\u0107i problem raspr\u0161enijim i slo\u017eenijim. Nisu samo velike rijeke u velikim, gusto naseljenim zemljama krivci. Male gradske rijeke, posebno u jugoisto\u010dnoj Aziji i zapadnoj Africi, tako\u0111er su zna\u010dajni doprinositelji zaga\u0111enju.<\/p>\n

Prema rje\u0161enjima: Smanjenje plasti\u010dnog otpada i pobolj\u0161anje upravljanja otpadom<\/h2>\n

Glavni zaklju\u010dak iz studije je potreba za ciljanim strategijama i tehnologijama za smanjenje plasti\u010dnog otpada i pobolj\u0161anje upravljanja otpadom. To po\u010dinje smanjenjem na\u0161e ovisnosti o plastici za jednokratnu upotrebu. Iako su osobni napori za smanjenje upotrebe plastike vrijedni, potrebne su \u0161iroke politi\u010dke promjene, uklju\u010duju\u0107i zabrane plastike za jednokratnu upotrebu, kako bi se zna\u010dajno smanjio plasti\u010dni otpad.<\/p>\n

Zemlje tako\u0111er trebaju ulagati u bolje sustave upravljanja otpadom. To uklju\u010duje pobolj\u0161anje infrastrukture za sakupljanje otpada, promicanje recikliranja i implementaciju rje\u0161enja za pretvaranje otpada u energiju. Zemlje poput Ruande i \u0160vedske pru\u017eaju vrijedne primjere onoga \u0161to se mo\u017ee posti\u0107i sna\u017enom politi\u010dkom voljom i ulaganjem u odr\u017eivo upravljanje otpadom.<\/p>\n

Za zemlje \u010dije rijeke zna\u010dajno pridonose one\u010di\u0161\u0107enju plastikom, strategije ubla\u017eavanja trebale bi biti usmjerene prema ovim to\u010dkama one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja. To bi moglo uklju\u010divati inicijative za \u010di\u0161\u0107enje rijeka, upotrebu zamki i barijera za otpad ili instalaciju naprednih sustava za sakupljanje otpada poput ‘Mr. Trash Wheel<\/a>‘ u Baltimoreu, SAD, koji je uspje\u0161no uklonio tone otpada iz vodotoka.<\/p>\n

Jo\u0161 jedan vitalni dio rje\u0161enja le\u017ei u me\u0111unarodnoj suradnji. One\u010di\u0161\u0107enje plastikom ne poznaje granice pa zahtijeva globalno koordinirani odgovor. To uklju\u010duje financiranje i tehni\u010dku pomo\u0107 za zemlje koje se bore s one\u010di\u0161\u0107enjem plastikom, dijeljenje najboljih praksi i stvaranje globalnih dogovora za smanjenje plasti\u010dnog otpada.<\/p>\n

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Podizanje svijesti i obrazovanje<\/h2>\n

Obrazovanje javnosti o utjecajima one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja plastikom i na\u010dinima smanjenja plasti\u010dnog otpada jo\u0161 je jedan klju\u010dni element u borbi protiv ovog problema. Kampanje za podizanje svijesti mogu potaknuti ljude da donose odr\u017eivije izbore, poput izbjegavanja plastike za jednokratnu upotrebu i sudjelovanja u lokalnim aktivnostima \u010di\u0161\u0107enja. Tako\u0111er mogu vr\u0161iti pritisak na tvrtke i vlade da poduzmu zna\u010dajnije akcije za smanjenje one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja plastikom.<\/p>\n

Budu\u0107nost na\u0161ih oceana<\/h2>\n

One\u010di\u0161\u0107enje plastikom je globalni problem koji prijeti zdravlju na\u0161ih oceana i morskog \u017eivota. Unato\u010d opsegu problema, dokazi pokazuju da problem nije nepremostiv. Smanjenjem na\u0161e ovisnosti o plastici za jednokratnu upotrebu, ulaganjem u bolje sustave upravljanja otpadom, usmjeravanjem napora prema to\u010dkama one\u010di\u0161\u0107enja i zajedni\u010dkim radom na globalnoj razini, mo\u017eemo zna\u010dajno smanjiti koli\u010dinu plastike koja ulazi u na\u0161e oceane.<\/p>\n

Me\u0111utim, kako bismo sa\u010duvali na\u0161e oceane za budu\u0107e generacije, moramo djelovati sada. Sat otkucava, a svaki komad plastike koji ne stigne do na\u0161ih oceana korak je u pravom smjeru. Budu\u0107nost na\u0161ih oceana je u na\u0161im rukama, a na nama je da napravimo razliku.<\/p>\n

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Kako podr\u017eati viborc.com?<\/h2>\n

Nadamo se kako vam se svi\u0111a na\u0161 sadr\u017eaj. Mo\u017eete nas podr\u017eati na nekoliko na\u010dina. Ako koristite softver za blokiranje oglasa, razmislite o dodavanju nas na sigurnosnu listu. Kada dijelite na\u0161 sadr\u017eaj, molimo vas da se pove\u017eete natrag na izvor. Kada dijelite na Instagramu, molimo ozna\u010dite s @viborccom<\/a>. Isto vrijedi i za Twitter (@viborccom<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Hvala! Thanks! Danke! \u0414\u044f\u043a\u0443\u044e!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zaronimo u na\u0161 \u010dlanak o top 20 zemalja najodgovornijih za one\u010di\u0161\u0107enje na\u0161ih dragocjenih oceana. Ova analiza ne samo da otkriva najve\u0107e krivce, ve\u0107 i poti\u010de raspravu o odgovornosti, odr\u017eivosti i odgovornosti. Vi\u0161e od pukog rangiranja, istra\u017eujemo i potencijalna rje\u0161enja.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[157,364,367,368,366,365,359,358,363,360,361,362],"class_list":["post-4006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-znanost-zdravlje","tag-feat1-hr-3","tag-filipini","tag-indija","tag-indonezija","tag-kina","tag-malezija","tag-mora","tag-oceni","tag-plasticni-otpad","tag-plastika","tag-zagadenje","tag-zastita-okolisa"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKoje zemlje najvi\u0161e zaga\u0111uju oceane i mora: Top 20 zaga\u0111iva\u010da<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Otkrijte top 20 zemalja koje najvi\u0161e zaga\u0111uju oceane. 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