{"id":289,"date":"2018-02-11T18:52:41","date_gmt":"2018-02-11T17:52:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/viborc.com\/?p=289"},"modified":"2022-10-16T12:34:41","modified_gmt":"2022-10-16T10:34:41","slug":"kako-se-pise-snijeg-razni-jezici-etimologija","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/viborc.com\/hr\/kako-se-pise-snijeg-razni-jezici-etimologija\/","title":{"rendered":"Kako se pi\u0161e rije\u010d “snijeg” na raznim europskim jezicima?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dok zima jo\u0161 uvijek vlada sjevernom polutkom, odlu\u010dio sam istra\u017eiti kako se pi\u0161e rije\u010d snijeg na raznim jezicima u Europi. Dodatno, htio sam vizualizirati i etimologiju rije\u010di “snijeg”, njezine korijene i zna\u010denja. I dok su neki rezultati o\u010dekivani i jednostavno predvidivi, postoji i niz zanimljivih i uzbudljivih slu\u010dajeva. Stoga, krenimo, istra\u017eimo kako se pi\u0161e rije\u010d snijeg na raznim jezicima u Europi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"Kako<\/a>
Kako se pi\u0161e rije\u010d \u201csnijeg\u201d na raznim europskim jezicima.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Slavenski, germanski i romanski jezici<\/h2>\n

O\u010dekivano, postoje jasne sli\u010dnosti unutar jezika koji pripadaju istoj jezi\u010dnoj obitelji. Primjerice,
\nslavenske<\/strong> zemlje koriste rije\u010di poput “snijeg<\/em>“, “sneg”, “snih” ili “\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0433<\/em>” za rije\u010d “snijeg” u svojim jezicima.<\/p>\n

Germanski<\/strong> jezici obiluju ina\u010dicama poput “Schnee<\/em>“, “snee” i “snije”. Premda postoje neke regionalne razlike, jasno se uo\u010dava sli\u010dnost rije\u010di iz danskog, \u0161vedskog, norve\u0161kog, pa i islandskog jezika.<\/p>\n

Germanski i (balto-)slavenski<\/strong> korijen rije\u010di vjerojatno dolazi od proto-indoeuropskog “*sneyg\u02b7\u02b0-“.<\/p>\n

Romanski<\/strong> jezici koriste ina\u010dice poput “neige”, “nieve<\/em>“, “neve” – uz zanimljivu iznimku rumunjskog jezika koji koristi rije\u010d “z\u0103pad\u0103<\/em>“. Ako vam ova rije\u010d zvu\u010di poznato – onda je to iz razloga jer je njezin korijen prisutan u slavenskim jezicima i glagolu (za)padati. Dok sam pisao ovaj \u010dlanak, zahvaljuju\u0107i korisniku Reddita jondevries<\/a>, sam nau\u010dio kako se u rumunjskom jo\u0161 koristi i rije\u010d “nea” – osobito u izrazima poput “<\/em>fulgi de <\/em>nea” (snje\u017ene pahuljice).<\/em><\/p>\n

O\u010dito je podrijetlo rije\u010di u romanskim jezicima s izvornom rije\u010di iz latinskog jezika nix, nivem<\/em> (koja zna\u010di \u201csnijeg\u201d).<\/p>\n

\n \n
<\/div> \n <\/div>\n\n

Jezi\u010dne posebnosti: baskijski, mad\u017earski, turski, gr\u010dki…<\/h2>\n

Na karti se mogu uo\u010diti i neka zanimljiva odstupanja – njih sam odlu\u010dio pobli\u017ee istra\u017eiti.<\/p>\n

Baskijski jezik<\/h3>\n

Baskijska rije\u010d za snijeg je “elurra\/elura<\/em>” i svoje podrijetlo vu\u010de iz proto-baskijskog *e\u026bhur\u0304,<\/p>\n

Posebno me zaintrigirala prividna sli\u010dnost izme\u0111u baskijskog jezika i rije\u010di “ elurra <\/em>” i vel\u0161ke rije\u010di “eira”. Me\u0111utim, \u010dini se kako nema stvarnog odnosa. Vel\u0161ka rije\u010d “eira” potje\u010de od proto-britonskog *argyosa (“snijeg”) i proto-keltskog *argyos (\u0161to zna\u010di “bijelo”), a koji, pak, potje\u010de od iste osnove kao *argantom (\u0161to zna\u010di “srebro”).<\/p>\n

Mad\u017earski jezik<\/h3>\n

Na\u0161i sjeverni susjedi koriste rije\u010d “h\u00f3”<\/em> za snijeg. Postoje barem dva mogu\u0107a etimolo\u0161ka korijena ove rije\u010di. Prvi dolazi od proto-uralskog *kume (\u0161to zna\u010di “tanak snijeg”). Druga je mogu\u0107nost ona koja potje\u010de od proto-uralskog *ku\u014be. To je sli\u010dno dana\u0161njoj mad\u017earskoj rije\u010di “hold<\/em>” koja zna\u010di Mjesec. Kako je Mjesec srebrne\/bijele boje, svojom pojavno\u0161\u0107u mo\u017ee asocirati na snijeg. Tu se sada vidi jo\u0161 jedna zanimljiva poveznica. Naime, ova rije\u010d je srodna estonskoj i finskoj rije\u010di “<\/em>kuu“<\/em> koja tako\u0111er zna\u010de “snijeg”, ali je ujedno i ime mitolo\u0161ke finske bo\u017eice – poga\u0111ate – Mjeseca.<\/p>\n

\n \n
<\/div> \n <\/div>\n\n

Gr\u010dki jezik<\/h3>\n

Gr\u010da rije\u010d “\u03c7\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9<\/em>” svoje podrijetlo vu\u010de od starogr\u010dke rije\u010di “\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd<\/em>” (ugrubo se \u010dita kao “khi\u1e53n” i zna\u010di “snijeg”).<\/p>\n

Turski jezik<\/h3>\n

Turska rije\u010d “kar” dolazi iz staroturkijskog ??\u200e (\u010dita se “kar” i zna\u010di \u201csnijeg\u201d). Tako\u0111er, ova je rije\u010d srodna i proto-turkijskom *k\u0101r, *Ki\u0101r (ponovno, isto zna\u010denja – snijeg),a mogu\u0107a je i veza s proto-altajskim *k`i\u032f\u0101\u0301ra (*k`i\u032f\u0101\u0301ra) (zna\u010denja “inje”). Pojedini izvori u literaturi sugeriraju i mogu\u0107u poveznicu s proto-mongolskim *karig (zna\u010denja \u201cjaka zima\/hladno\u0107a\u201d).<\/p>\n

Albanski i malte\u0161ki jezik<\/h3>\n

Albanska rije\u010d “bor\u00eb”<\/em> potje\u010de od proto-albanskog *b\u0101r\u0101, ili *bera (zna\u010denja “padati”). Ovdje mi je bila zanimljiva mogu\u0107a poveznica albanskog i malte\u0161kog jezika i sli\u010dnosti s rije\u010dju “borra”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Zanimljivo je kako je malte\u0161ki jezik jedini slu\u017ebeni semitski jezik u Europskoj uniji. Sam jezik nastao korijene vu\u010de od siculo-arapskog jezika, izumrle varijante arapskog jezika. Me\u0111utim, konkretna etimologija rije\u010di “borra” <\/em> nije jasna. \u010cini se kako je sve \u0161to preostaje mo\u017eda slu\u010dajna sli\u010dnost s gore spomenutim albanskim “bor\u00eb” <\/em>.<\/p>\n

Hrvatska “bura”?<\/h4>\n

Tako\u0111er, nema etimolo\u0161kih odnosa izme\u0111u “bor\u00eb” <\/em> i “borra” <\/em> s hrvatskom rije\u010dju “<\/em> bura ” <\/em>. Hrvatska rije\u010d “bura” <\/em>, pak, potje\u010de od proto-slavenskog *bur’a.<\/p>\n

Prema Wiktionaryju, zanimljivi neslavenski srodnici uklju\u010duju staronordijski \u201cbyrr\u201d (\u0161to zna\u010di \u201cjak vjetar\u201d), latinski \u201cfur\u014d\u201d (\u0161to zna\u010di \u201cbijes, ljutnja\u201d – sli\u010dno engleskom \u201cfurious\u201d) i sanskrtski \u092d\u0941\u0930\u0924\u093f (“bhurati”, \u0161to zna\u010di “promije\u0161ati, probiti”). Vrlo zanimljiva perspektiva i pogled na na\u010din i proces kojim je nastala rije\u010d snijeg na razli\u010ditim jezicima Europe.<\/p>\n

\n\n
<\/div>\n\n
\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n

Karta s etimolo\u0161kim fokusom – spajanje zemalja i jezika na temelju njihovog \u201cpravog\u201d etimolo\u0161kog podrijetla<\/h2>\n

Kada sam postavio poveznicu na ovaj \u010dlanak na Twitteru, Bojan Glava\u0161evi\u0107<\/a>, hrvatski jezikoslovac i politi\u010dar, dao mi je ideju. Predlo\u017eio je kako bih mogao kartu obojati malo druga\u010dije, uzimaju\u0107i u obzir izvornu etimologiju rije\u010di.<\/p>\n

Razmotrio sam njegov prijedlog i napravio novu kartu. A ovo je rezultat – dosta zanimljivo!<\/p>\n

\"Karta<\/a>
Karta rije\u010di \u201csnijeg\u201d prikazana je u vi\u0161e etimolo\u0161kom fokusu. Povezivanje zemalja i jezika na temelju njihovog \u201cpravog\u201d etimolo\u0161kog podrijetla.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Imajte na umu kako bi \u010dak i crveni dijelovi karte mogli, zapravo, biti ozna\u010deni zelenom bojom s obzirom na to kako rije\u010di “<\/em>neve“, “<\/em>neige“, “neu”<\/em> vuku podrijetlo od latinske rije\u010di “nix<\/em>“, “nivis<\/em>“. A, usporedno, sama rije\u010d “nix<\/em>” potje\u010de od proto-italskog *sniks (osnova *sni\u0263\u02b7-) i od proto-indoeuropskog *sn\u00edg\u02b7\u02b0s.<\/p>\n

Interesantno, zar ne?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Koje je podrijetlo i kako se pi\u0161e “snijeg” na raznim jezicima? Ova karta prikazuje kako se pi\u0161e i koja je etimologija rije\u010di “snijeg”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-znanost-zdravlje"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKako se ka\u017ee "snijeg" na raznim europskim jezicima i koje je etimologije?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Koje je podrijetlo i kako se pi\u0161e "snijeg" na raznim jezicima? 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