Prvi se dogodio u nedjelju, 22.3.2020. u Zagrebu kada je potres magnitude 5.5 u 6:24 minute pogodio glavni grad. Nakon njega je uslijedio niz naknadnih potresa (aftershock<\/em>) od kojih je najja\u010di, magnitude 5.0, uslijedio istog dana, oko pola sata kasnije – u 7:21 sati. U razdoblju od 5 dana koji su slijedili, zabilje\u017eeno je vi\u0161e od 200 potresa.<\/p>\n

Epicentar glavnog zagreba\u010dkog potresa se nalazio na koordinatama 45.85\u00b0N i 16.03\u00b0E s hipocentrom na dubini od oko 10 kilometara \u0161to ga svrstava u razmjerno plitke potrese.<\/p>\n

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Potresi u Petrinji, 28.12. i 29.12.2020.<\/h3>\n
Pred kraj godine, sna\u017eni potresi su pogodili podru\u010dje Petrinje. Prvo je potres magnitude 5.0 je pogodio podru\u010dje grada 28.12.2020. u 6:28 sati. Iako je u ve\u0107ini slu\u010dajeva o\u010dekivano kako nakon ja\u010deg potresa slijedi niz slabijih (smirivanje tla, preraspodjela energije i stabilizacija), na\u017ealost, podru\u010dje Banovine je idu\u0107eg dana \u2013 29.12.2020. u 12:19 sati pogodio jo\u0161 ja\u010di potres \u2013 magnitude 6.2. U ovom je slijedu doga\u0111aja ja\u010dem potresu prethodio onaj slabiji (foreschock<\/em>).<\/p>\n
Epicentar potresa se nalazio u blizini mjesta Stra\u0161nik na koordinatama 45.40\u00b0N i 16.22\u00b0E, s hipocentrom na dubini od oko 10 kilometara.<\/p>\n
Donji video prikazuje epicentre svih analiziranih potresa koji su se dogodili 28. i 29. prosinca koje je objavila Seizmolo\u0161ka slu\u017eba.<\/p>\n
<\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2>Uzroci potresa na podru\u010dju Hrvatske<\/h2>\n<p>Potresi op\u0107enito nastaju kao posljedica dinamike tektonskih plo\u010da. Iako se sama Hrvatska ne nalazi na podru\u010djima kolizije ili razdvajanja velikih plo\u010da, nalazimo se na podru\u010dju gdje Jadranska mikroplo\u010da utje\u010de na potrese.Op\u0107enito gledano, potresi na podru\u010dju Hrvatske su primarno uzrokovani gibanjem Afri\u010dke plo\u010de koja se pomi\u010de prema sjeveru i podvla\u010di se pod Euroazijsku plo\u010du.<\/p>\n<p>To je ujedno i glavni uzrok velike ve\u0107ina potresa na podru\u010dju Mediterana. Sama se Afri\u010dka plo\u010da lagano rotira s okvirnom lokacijom pola rotacije na podru\u010dju Atlantskog oceana. Zbog ove rotacije dolazi do nabijanja Afri\u010dke plo\u010de pod Euroazijsku pa je takva granica konvergentne prirode.<\/p>\n<p>Postoji niz modela koji poku\u0161avaju ocijeniti brzinu i dinamiku ove konvergencije. Prema NUVEL-1A modelu, brzina konvergencije je od oko 10mm godi\u0161nje na podru\u010dju isto\u010dnog Mediterana do oko 4mm godi\u0161nje na podru\u010dju zapadnog Mediterana.<\/p>\n<div class='code-block code-block-5' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n \n<div class=\"vm-placement\" data-id=\"62e91d4ae384d04b3c48e0f5\"><\/div> \n <\/div>\n\n<h3>Jadranska mikroplo\u010da<\/h3>\n<p>Glavni \u201ekrivac\u201c za potrese na podru\u010dju Hrvatske je na\u0161a Jadranska mikroplo\u010da. Nalazi se u dosta dinami\u010dnom i slo\u017eenom podru\u010dju izme\u0111u Alpa, Dinarskog gorja i Panonskog bazena. Ona se lagano rotira i podvla\u010di se pod Dinaride \u0161to je glavnim uzrokom potresa na na\u0161em podru\u010dju. Osim samih potresa, upravo je izdizanje Dinarida vrlo \u017eiv i o\u010dit prikaz djelovanja ove dinamike plo\u010da na na\u0161em podru\u010dju.<\/p>\n<p>Paralelno s izdizanjem Dinarida, smanjuje se i podru\u010dje Panonskog bazena koji je okru\u017een Karpatima i Dinaridima, ugrubo oslikavaju\u0107i <a href=\"https:\/\/viborc.com\/hr\/mapa-karta-panonskog-mora-detaljno\/\">podru\u010dje na kojem je nekada postojalo Panonsko more<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Iako se dobar dio Hrvatske nalazi na seizmi\u010dki aktivnim podru\u010dju, najve\u0107i izgledi za razorne potrese se nalaze na \u0161irem podru\u010dja grada Zagreba, u okolici Rijeke te na samom jugu Hrvatske \u2013 u \u0161iroj okolici Dubrovnika.<\/p>\n<p>Model gibanja Jadranske mikroplo\u010de i nije sasvim poznat, ali je na\u010delno opisan u prethodnom odlomku.<\/p>\n<p>Upravo se ovo rotiranje i nabijanje Jadranske mikroplo\u010de prema podru\u010dju Panonskog bazena i samog Dinarskog gorja smatra glavnim uzrokom potresa na na\u0161em podru\u010dju.<\/p>\n<p>Kompresija koju uzrokuje Jadranska mikroplo\u010da je izravan uzrok potresa na podru\u010dju Zagreba i Petrinje. Dodatni, regionalni stres je istaknut na podru\u010dju \u017eumbera\u010dko-medvedni\u010dkog rasjeda, na sjeveru prema Ivan\u0161\u010dici, a na sjeveroistoku prema podru\u010dju Kalnika.<\/p>\n<p>Drugim rije\u010dima, stres koji nastaje kao posljedica podvla\u010denja Jadranske mikroplo\u010de na podru\u010dje Panonskog bazena se prenosi i u unutra\u0161njost pa tako i prema podru\u010dju Zagreba, odnosno, Petrinje i Pokupskog.<\/p>\n<div class='code-block code-block-5' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n \n<div class=\"vm-placement\" data-id=\"62e91d4ae384d04b3c48e0f5\"><\/div> \n <\/div>\n\n<h2>Razli\u010diti tipovi rasjeda<\/h2>\n<p>Razli\u010dite granice pojedinih plo\u010da tvore i razli\u010dite jakosti potresa. Primjerice, na divergentnim granicama potresi su pli\u0107i i slabiji, na granicama koje su transformne naravi ve\u0107ina potresa je i dalje plitka do srednje duboka \u2013 ali \u2013 mo\u017ee biti razorna.<\/p>\n<p>I, kona\u010dno, na konvergentnim granicama dolazi do dubokih potresa koji su i najrazorniji.<\/p>\n<p>Op\u0107enito rasjede mo\u017eemo podijeliti na tri kategorije. S obzirom na pritiske koji utje\u010du na stvaranje rasjeda razlikujemo normalne, reversne i horizontalne.<\/p>\n<h3>Normalni i reversni rasjedi<\/h3>\n<p>Ova dva rasjeda karakterizira sli\u010dan mehanizam, ali se razlikuju u smjeru pomicanja.<\/p>\n<h4>Normalni rasjed (normal fauilt)<\/h4>\n<p>U slu\u010daju normalnog rasjeda (<em>normal fault<\/em>), krovinsko krilo klizi niz podinsko po rasjednoj plohi (koja se jo\u0161 naziva i paraklazom).<\/p>\n<h4>Reversni rasjed (reverse fault)<\/h4>\n<p>U slu\u010daju reverznog rasjeda (<em>reverse fault<\/em>), ponovno dolazi do klizanja, ali u ovom slu\u010daju se krovinsko krilo izdi\u017ee iznad podinskog. Upravo je ovaj oblik rasjeda i njegov dinamike odgovoran za potres koji se u o\u017eujku 2020. godine na podru\u010dju grada Zagreba.<\/p>\n<p>Prema prora\u010dunima i na temelju \u017eari\u0161nog mehanizma potresa, mo\u017ee se zaklju\u010diti kako je potres na podru\u010dju Zagreba nastao osloba\u0111anjem kompresijskog naprezanja u jezgri Medvednice. Glavna kompresijska os ima smjer pru\u017eanja SSZ-JJI po reversnom rasjedu koji se pru\u017ea smjerom ISI \u2013 ZJZ.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1969\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1969\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viborc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/reverse-fault-static.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-image_in_post wp-image-1969\" src=\"https:\/\/viborc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/reverse-fault-static-700x700.png\" alt=\"Reversni rasjed kakav je uzrokovao potres u Zagrebu\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1969\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reversni rasjed kakav je uzrokovao potres u Zagrebu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3>Horizontalni rasjed (strike-slip fault)<\/h3>\n<p>Horizontalni rasjedi (<em>strike-slip fault<\/em>) su ne\u0161to rje\u0111i za podru\u010dje Hrvatske. Tako\u0111er ih nazivamo i rasjedima s pomakom po pru\u017eanju. Karakterizira ih uzdu\u017eno pomicanje krila rasjeda du\u017e rasjedne plohe (paraklaze).<\/p>\n<p>Ovaj tip rasjeda je odgovoran za katastrofalan potres koji je pogodio podru\u010dje Petrinje, Pokupskog, Gline\u2026<\/p>\n<p>Ovaj se rasjed pru\u017ea, ugrubo, smjerom SZ \u2013 JI. On ujedno predstavlja i grani\u010dno podru\u010dje dva razli\u010dita tektonska bloka spomenuta ranije u \u010dlanku \u2013 Dinarida i Jadranske mikroplo\u010de i Panonskog bazena.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1975\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1975\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"https:\/\/viborc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/strike-slip-fault-static.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-image_in_post wp-image-1975\" src=\"https:\/\/viborc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/strike-slip-fault-static-700x700.png\" alt=\"Horizontalni rasjed koji je uzrok potresa u Petrinji.\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1975\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Horizontalni rasjed koji je uzrok potresa u Petrinji.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Ovo nije prvi potres ovog tipa na istom podru\u010dju. Prije vi\u0161e od 100 godina, sada ve\u0107 davne 1905. godine, podru\u010dje Pokupskog je pogodio sna\u017ean potres magnitude 5.8. Ovaj potres ima i povijesni zna\u010daj jer je njegovim prou\u010davanjem Andrija Mohorovi\u010di\u0107 utvrdio postojanje diskontinuiteta kojeg danas, njemu u \u010dast, nazivamo MOHO-slojem.<\/p>\n<div class='code-block code-block-6' style='margin: 8px 0; clear: both;'>\n\n<div class=\"vm-placement\" data-id=\"62e91d88e384d04b3c48e0fd\" style=\"display:none\"><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vm-placement\" id=\"vm-av\" data-format=\"isvideo\">\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2>Animacija prikaza rasjeda<\/h2>\n<p>Kako bi pobli\u017ee prikazali mehanizme rasjeda koji su odgovorni za potrese na podru\u010dju grada Zagreba i ne na \u0161irem podru\u010dju Petrinje, mo\u017eemo pogledati i donje dvije animacije.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Klikom mi\u0161a na njih<\/strong>, iste \u0107e se pokrenuti pa ih mo\u017eete i samostalno istra\u017eiti.<\/p>\n<h3>Reversni rasjed, animacija<\/h3>\n<p><object data=\"https:\/\/viborc.com\/dataviz\/svg\/reverse-fault.svg\" type=\"image\/svg+xml\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\"><\/object><\/p>\n<h3>Horizontalni rasjed animacija<\/h3>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p><object data=\"https:\/\/viborc.com\/dataviz\/svg\/strike-slip-fault.svg\" type=\"image\/svg+xml\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\"><\/object><\/p>\n<h2>Izvori<\/h2>\n<p>U pripremi ovog \u010dlanka kori\u0161ten je niz izvora.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bijeli\u0107, N., Brzev, S., Lazarevi\u0107, D., 2020, Croatian earthquake causes significant damage, Temblor, <a href=\"http:\/\/doi.org\/10.32858\/temblor.148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">http:\/\/doi.org\/10.32858\/temblor.148<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Marku\u0161i\u0107, S., Stanko, D., Korbar, T., Beli\u0107, N., Penava, D., & Kordi\u0107, B. (2020). The Zagreb (Croatia) M5.5 Earthquake on 22 March 2020. Geosciences, 10(7), 252. MDPI AG.<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/geosciences10070252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\"> http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/geosciences10070252<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rgn.unizg.hr\/hr\/izdvojeno\/2587-osvrt-na-potres-u-zagrebu-2020-godine-autor-teksta-je-prof-dr-sc-bruno-tomljenovic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Osvrt na potres u Zagrebu<\/a> (dr. sc. Bruno Tomljenovi\u0107, RGNF)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/earthquakes\/eventpage\/us6000d3zh\/moment-tensor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">USGS Moment tensor solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gempa.de\/news\/2020\/12\/31\/petrinja-croatia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">gempa.de Petrinja earthquake solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<p> <\/p>\n<div style=\"position: static !important;\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Razorni potresi u Zagrebu (22.3.2020.) i Petrinji (28. i 29.12.2020.) su uzrokovani tektonskim pomacima na dva razli\u010dita epicentralna podru\u010dja, ali i na 2 razli\u010dita tipa rasjeda. U \u010dlanku su opisani tipovi rasjeda odgovorni za potrese uz animaciju.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[157,212,211,214,213,215,216],"class_list":["post-1962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-znanost-zdravlje","tag-feat1-hr-3","tag-petrinja","tag-potresi","tag-rasjedi","tag-seizmologija","tag-tektonske-ploce","tag-zagreb-hr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Potresi u Zagrebu i Petrinji: uzroci, rasjedi i animacija • viborc.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Potresi u Zagrebu i Petrinji su uzrokovani pomacima na dva razli\u010dita epicentralna podru\u010dja, ali i na 2 razli\u010dita tipa rasjeda - reversnom i horizontalnom.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/viborc.com\/hr\/potres-zagreb-petrinja-uzrok-rasjed-animacija\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Potresi u Zagrebu i Petrinji: uzroci, rasjedi i animacija • viborc.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Potresi u Zagrebu i Petrinji su uzrokovani pomacima na dva razli\u010dita epicentralna podru\u010dja, ali i na 2 razli\u010dita tipa rasjeda - 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Uvodno o potresima u Zagrebu i Petrinji<\/h2>\nTijekom 2020. godine, Hrvatsku je pogodio niz jakih potresa.<\/p>\n

Uvodno o potresima u Zagrebu i Petrinji<\/h2>\n
Tijekom 2020. godine, Hrvatsku je pogodio niz jakih potresa.<\/p>\n